Essay Breast Feeding Is Best - 1577 Words

Breast Feeding Is Best Breast feeding not only provides the perfect food and food delivery system for infants, it is also the most family friendly choice a new mother can make. Human breast milk contains at least one hundred ingredients not found in cows milk and that cannot be exactly duplicated in commercial formulas (Eisenburg 3). As a baby grows and changes, breast milk automatically individualizes itself for each infant. The nutrients in breast milk alter themselves to fit the babys needs. Breast milk is more easily digested than cows milk or formula. The amount of protein in mothers milk (1.5%) is lower than in cows milk (3.5%) (Brockport 1), making it gentler on the infants stomach.†¦show more content†¦Breast milk contains one-third the mineral salts of cows milk, thus making it gentle to the kidneys. There is less phosphorous in breast milk as well. The higher phosphorus content of cows milk is linked to a decreased calcium level in the formula fed infants blood. Breast fed babies are far less likely to become ill during the first year than formula fed babies. The transfer of immune factors in breast milk and in the pre-milk substan ce, colostrum, provides partial protection. Every time breast fed infants suckle at their mothers breast from the first time to the last; they are getting a healthy dose of anti-bodies to bolster their immunity to disease (Eisenburg 54). One recent study suggest there may also be a decreased risk of childhood cancer in breast fed babies (Eisenburg 55 ). Breast fed babies are well-nourished since breast feeding works by supply and demand. The more the baby nurses the greater the mothers milk production. Overall, babies that are breast fed have less health problems than babies that are artificially fed. They have three times fewer ear infections, five times fewer urinary tract infections, five times fewer serious illnesses and seven times fewer allergies. Babies who are fed mothers milk exclusively, for at least their first twenty-six weeks, are six times less likely to develop lymphoma (a type of cancer) in childhood, and babies breast fed for at least one year are only half as likely to develop diabetesShow MoreRelatedEssay on Breast Feeding is Best1001 Words   |  5 PagesArgumentative Breast is Best   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If one chooses to have a child, shouldn’t he or she be obligated to do what is best for that child? There are many important choices to make for that child, and some may be more difficult than others. Hospital or home birth? Pampers or Huggies? Crib or family bed? But when it comes to feeding, the choice is clear. Breast-feeding is the best choice that mothers can make for themselves and their child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Not everyone agrees that breast-feeding is the best choice. SomeRead MoreDoe Assignment11278 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Breast Feeding Vs Bottle Feeding Controversy Jane Doe CHFD 308 American Public University Dr. John DoeBreast Feeding Vs Bottle Feeding Controversy This essay is about the breast feeding vs bottle feeding controversy. Are you depriving your infant of nutrients they need if you chose to bottle feed? Will your child be unhealthy if you chose not to breast feed? Some women feel like breast feeding is always better, some women feel like bottle feeding is just the same. Breast feeding is usuallyRead More Breast Feeding vs Formula Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pages Breast-feeding is nutritionally, emotionally and physically superior for a mother and her child. â€Å"Human breast milk is not standard nor is it interchangeable with cow’s milk. It is a dynamic fluid that changes in composition to meet the needs of the baby as it grows† (â€Å"Giving your Baby... Diet.† par. #10). Breast milk contains growth factors and antibodies which stimulate the growing baby and protect it from illness such as diarrhea, ear infections, rashes, allergies, asthma, skin problems, pneumoniaRead MoreBreast Feeding Vs. The Bottle1326 Words   |  6 PagesBreast-feeding vs. The Bottle: The Decision is yours â€Å"Some mothers have to give up breastfeeding even though they want to breastfeed. To give up breastfeeding can be a sensitive issue in a time when breastfeeding is promoted as the healthiest for mother and child† (Larsen Kronborg, 2013, p. 848). The debate over whether breast-feeding is better than bottle-feeding or vice versa has been a debate for many years. With more and more research that is continuously being developed, the option to breast-feedRead MoreBreast Milk : An Ideological Framework That Enabled The Canadian Government Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Breast is best† is an ideological framework that enabled the Canadian government to control and dictate the bodies of marginalized peoples. Despite the associated benefits to both the child and the mother, breast milk rhetoric in the Canadian context was developed by breastfeeding supporters to reclaim infant-feeding. Since the early 1960s, the Canadian government, the World Health Organization (W HO), and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) argued for a return to breastfeeding because ofRead MoreThe Benefits Of Breast Feeding902 Words   |  4 Pages The Benefits of Breast Feeding Since the invention of formula mothers have had trouble deciding how best to go about feeding their children. Each mother has their own preferred feeding technique, some of whom chose to use both feeding methods depending on the situation. For some mothers breast feeding is not a viable option for reasons such as lactation issues, busy schedules, and secondary care givers (Health Psychology). For those mothers whom are able and willing to breast feed their infantsRead MoreChoosing Your Newborn First Food Can Feel Like A Challenging Dilemma962 Words   |  4 Pageseach agreed that breastfeeding provides an array of benefits that surpasses the alternative feeding options. Stores nationwide are stocked with various brands of formula all claiming to contain the conducive various nutrients of breast milk. In comparison to store-bought formulas and its many facets, breastfeeding is the overall best adequate source for most newborn growth and development. Furthermore, Breast milk is natur ally gentle on a newborns digestive system. Also it is a convenient choice toRead MoreWhy Mothers Should Be Fed885 Words   |  4 Pagespediatricians. Breast feeding has been linked to lower obesity rates later in life, it is tailor made for your baby having the exact nutrients needed at that time and helps to bond baby with mother. Breast feeding should be supported and never be looked at as being sexual in nature, it is natural. The mothers that choose to breastfeed their babies should surround themselves with supportive people. There have been controversies over the years for which is form of feeding is best. Formula supportersRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma of Midwives of Women Who Choose to Bottle Feed1013 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscuss the ethical dilemma, which midwives have to deal with, when a woman choose to bottle-feed their babies, who do not have any medical requirement not to breastfeed. In addition, why bottle-feeding their babies is the women choice. Why breast-feeding is, better for mother and baby than bottle-feeding. Women who choose to bottle-feed. Woman who choose to bottle-feed their babies, can decide why they bottle-feed, through a number of factors. The womans age; her level of education; her culturalRead MoreEssay on breastfeed or bottle-feed?1116 Words   |  5 Pagesbreastfeed or bottle-feed? I must tell you that breast milk is usually best for your baby. -Each mother’s breast milk is made especially for their own newborn. It contains all the Vit., Min. amp; iron that your baby needs( where as bottle milk has as little as 5-10% of all vit., min., amp; iron that are used by your baby.) Breast milk also continues to chg. as your baby grows to meet the changing needs of your infant, no formula is capable of such a chg. Breast milk contains protecting agents to help insure

Symptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder - 1188 Words

â€Å"Bipolar disorder has nothing to do with the ups and downs we all experience in life; it is much more severe, debilitating, and incapacitating† (Nordqvist, 2016). The description of bipolar disorder is a brain disorder which causes unexpected shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. There are many factors that causes bipolar disorder, it can be genetic, brain-chemical imbalance, hormonal problems, and environmental. When bipolar was distinct in the first century, people were terrified who were diagnosed but throughout the centuries scientists and researchers were finding treatment and medications for those manic people. To understand bipolar disorder, you need to know the causes. â€Å"Bipolar is highly recognized as a treatable disorder† (Cherney Krans, 2016). Nordqvist states researchers discovered there isn’t just one single cause but multiple causes. One of the causes is genetic, people have a higher risk i f one of their blood relative has it. Another one is a brain-chemical imbalance, when the neurotransmitter isn’t balanced it can affect mood disorders. Hormonal problems are also one cause, having unbalanced hormones can cause bipolar disorder. One of the most causes is environmental, if someone has been abused or has mental stress and had a significant loss or other traumatic events. People need to know what bipolar disorder is and how affects someone to support in those who are in need for help. â€Å"During the 1st century,Show MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Treatment854 Words   |  4 Pagesmedical condition known as bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is when a person suffers from severe shifts in mood and energy. In most cases, bipolar disorder can be treated and people with the illness can live normal and productive lives with the help of medication and or therapy. Aiken, C. (2010). Family Experiences of Bipolar Disorder: The Ups, the Downs and the Bits in Between. Retrieved from Ebsco Host. In this book the author discusses her own dealings with Bipolar Disorder. She goes on to say howRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1489 Words   |  6 PagesDiego City College Bipolar disorder, also called manic-depressive disorder, is a disease that affects thousands of people all over the United States of America. According to Sarris (2011) approximately 1-2% of adults will be affected by bipolar disorder in their lifetime. While some individuals may go undiagnosed, the prevalence percentage can raise to as much as 4% when including milder subclinical presentations (Sarris, 2011). Bipolar disorder can cause severe dysfunction in theRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1125 Words   |  5 Pageswith several mental disorders. The major diagnosis would be bipolar disorder. She also suffers from borderline personality disorder, Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety. The American Psychiatric Association s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder defines bipolar disorder as a recurrent mood disorder that includes periods of mania or mixed episodes of mania and depression (Murphy, 2012, p. 44-50). It was previously kn own as manic depressive disorder. It is most commonRead MoreBipolar Disorder Treatments : Symptoms And Symptoms2309 Words   |  10 Pages Bipolar Disorder Treatments Kelly Miazga Metropolitan State University December 8th 2014 â€Æ' Bipolar disorder treatments Introduction Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression or bipolar affective disorder is a mood disorder where the patient experiences episodes of extreme highs known as mania and extreme lows known as depression. Periods of mania and depression vary per person. A person who is displaying a manic episode shows typical symptoms of elevated mood, extreme happiness or irritabilityRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Treatment2115 Words   |  9 Pages Bipolar Disorder The Bipolar disorder or you can call it manic depression, it is a often diagnosed and draining frame or state of mind disorder which causes huge shifts in temperament and frame of mind. The word bipolar means that the two main polar extremes in which a person with the disorder experiences. According a part of the National Institutes of Health that watches over neurological and psychological research this disorder affects about 2.1 million adultsRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder963 Words   |  4 Pagesthat goes by we hear someone being labeled as bipolar or another celebrity is getting diagnosed as being bipolar after their spurts of erratic behavior. I had to ask the question, does anyone really know what it means to be bipolar? Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks (NIMH). Suffering from bipolar disorder can mean su ffering from drastic changes in moodRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1274 Words   |  6 Pagesconclusion, Ben Tang was diagnosed with bipolar II disorder indicated by DSM-5 at age 47. He experienced symptoms such as feeling depressed, suicidal thoughts, and worthlessness in depressive episodes. He experienced symptoms such as racing mind, trouble falling asleep, and committing reckless behaviors in hypomanic episodes. It can be challenging to live with bipolar disorder because the symptoms can be hard to deal with. There are several ways to manage bipolar disorder, include medications, support groupRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1220 Words   |  5 PagesThe history of bipolar disorder is perhaps just as complex as the condition itself. Bipolar is highly recognized as a treatable disorder. The more we learn about bipolar disorder, the more people may be able to receive the help that they need. Centuries passed and little new was discovered about bipolar disorder until French psychiatrist Jean-Pierre Falret published an article in 1851 describing what he called â€Å"la folie circulaire,† which translates to circular insanity. The article details peopleRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder762 Words   |  4 Pages Bipolar Disorder 2 Disorder history, In the 19th century psychiatry, mania had a broad meaning of craziness, hypomania was equated by some concepts of â€Å"partial insanity† or monomania. Bipolar disorder origins in 1854, Jules Baillarger and Jean-Pierre Falret, independently present descriptions of the disorder to Academie de Medicine in Paris. German neuropsychiatrist Emanuel Mendel in 1881 wrote â€Å"that heRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1442 Words   |  6 Pagesmental illness. For example, manic depressive illness, or bipolar disorder, is a cognitive disease which affects â€Å"about 2.6% of the U.S. population† every year (DBSA). Along with the vast number of patients stricken with bipolar, are also a plethora of symptoms, with researchers and patients reporting, â€Å"unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and (an inability) to carry out day-to-day tasks† (NIMH). Along with the symptoms of bipolar are several factors that contribute to the presence of the

Rhbill Free Essays

lhe  Reproductive Health Bill, informally known as the  RH Bill, are  proposed laws  in theRepublic of the Philippines  aiming to guarantee universal access to methods oncontraception,  abortion, fertility control,  sexual education, and maternal care. [1] There are presently two bills with the same intended goals: House  Bill # 4244 –  An Act Providing for a Comprehensive Policy on Responsible Parenthood, Reproductive Health, and Population and Development, and For Other Purposes * Senate  Bill # 2378 –  An Act Providing For a National Policy on Reproductive Health and Population and Development While there is general agreement about its provisions on maternal and child health, there is great debate on its key proposal that the Philippine government and the private sector will fund and undertake widespread distribution of family planning devices such as  condoms,birth control pills  (BCPs) and  IUDs, as the government continues to disseminat e information on their use through all health care centers. On October 2012, a revised version of the same bill was presently re-named to  Responsible Parenthood Act  and was filed in the  House of Representatives  as a result of re-introducing the bill under a different impression after overwhelming opposition in the country, especially from the  Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines[2][3]. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhbill or any similar topic only for you Order Now The bill is highly divisive, with experts, academics, religious institutions, and major political figures supporting and opposing it, often criticizing the government and each other in the process. Debates and rallies proposing and opposing the bills, with tens of thousands of opposition particularly those endorsed by the  bishops  of the  Roman Catholic Church  and various other conservative groups, have been happening nationwide. Stated purpose One of the main concerns of the bill, according to the Explanatory Note, is that the population of the Philippines makes it â€Å"the 12th most populous nation in the world today†, that the Filipino women’s fertility rate is â€Å"at the upper bracket of 206 countries. † It states that studies and surveys â€Å"show that the Filipinos are responsive to having smaller-sized families through free choice of family planning methods. † It also refers to studies which â€Å"show that rapid population growth exacerbates poverty while poverty spawns rapid population growth. † And so it aims for improved quality of life through a â€Å"consistent and coherent national population policy. [4] As policy it states that the State â€Å"guarantees universal access to medically-safe, legal, affordable, effective and quality reproductive health care services, methods, devices, supplies and relevant information and education thereon even as it prioritizes the needs of women and children, among other underprivileged sectors. â€Å"[4] Philippine Daily Inquirer First Posted 20:18:00 08/16/2008 Filed Under:  Family,  Family planning,  Laws IN THE INTEREST OF FAIR PLAY, WE ARE RUNNING TWO ARTICLES THAT HOLD views opposite of the proposed Reproductive Health and Population Development Act of 2008. The articles featured today are in response to the two articles written by Albay Rep. Edcel Lagman, principal author of the reproductive health bill, and printed in this section on Aug. 3. Lagman? s first article highlighted the main features of the measure, while his second noted the campaign to discredit it. He claimed that the bill was not anti-life and that it would not interfere with family life, legalize abortion, promote contraceptive mentality and impose a two-child policy. Lagman also claimed that Humanae Vitae was not an infallible doctrine. Besides the articles of the head of the Legal Office of the Catholic Bishops? Conference of the Philippines and of a former senator, Talk of the Town received responses from Catholic groups and individuals countering Lagman? s views. The responses came from Fr. Virgilio Delfin of the Diocese of Malaybalay, Pet Palma Dureza of Quezon City, Maria Concepcion S. Noche of the Alliance for the Family Foundation Philippines, Jose Fernandez of the Family Life Apostolate of St. John the Baptist Parish in Taytay, Rizal, and Minyong Ordonez, a retired chair of the Paris-based Publicis Communications Group. Talk of the Town also received an e-mail from Felix Libreto, a professor at the UP Open University, and a position paper of 26 economists from the University of the Philippines supporting the bill. Because of limited space, this section cannot print all the reactions to Lagman? s articles. * * * Reckless and irresponsible By Jo Imbong REP. EDCEL LAGMAN, THE PRINCIPAL AUTHOR OF THE proposed Reproductive Health and Population Development Act of 2008 asserts, among others, that the bill is neither antilife nor antifamily, that contraceptives are not life-threatening and that the bill does not impose a two-child policy. Prolife? To value human life is to respect and protect life in all its seasons. ?Human life begins at fertilization.? (Records of the Constitutional Commission, Vol. IV, Sept. 18, 1986, pp. 761, 801) hence, ? the State shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception.? (Constitution, Article II, Section 12). Lagman said in a House hearing that the bill would protect human life ? from implantation.? By that token, the zygote not yet in the mother? s womb is not protected. Pills and the IUD hinder implantation of the embryo in the uterus, thereby precipitating the embryo? s destruction. That is abortion. And yet, ? every child †¦ needs appropriate legal protection before as well as after birth (UN Convention on the Rights of the Child). Not life-threatening? Records are rife of perforation of the uterus and serious pelvic infections in women with IUDs that public midwives have refused to extract. The Mayo Foundation found that oral contraceptives are associated with an increase risk of breast cancer. DepoProvera increases a woman? s risk for chlamydia and gonorrhea. Oral contraceptives containing cyproterone increase risk of deep venous blood clots. Levonorgestrel is banned in this country as the Bureau of Food and Drugs found it to be abortifacient. Life-threatening ectopic pregnancies occur in mothers long after undergoing tubal ligation, particularly those sterilized before age 30. Contraceptives as essential medicines? Contraceptives do not treat any medical condition. Fertility is not a disease. It attests to health! The bill targets ? the poor, needy and marginalized.? This is most unkind to them whose real needs are jobs, skills, education, lucrative opportunities, nutrition, and essential medicines for anemia, tuberculosis, infections and childhood diseases. Remember, every citizen has the right to health (Art. II, Sec. 15), hence, the State has a duty to protect the citizens against dangerous substances (Constitution, Art. XVI, Sec. 9), and protect women in their maternal function (Art. XIII,Sec. 4). Family friendly? The ? encouragement? to have two children is manipulation both brazen and subtle. It can set the stage for a stronger application of the recommendation through legislative amendments. Spouses have a basic, o riginal, intrinsic and inviolable right ? to found a family in accordance with their religious convictions and the demands of responsible parenthood? (Art. XV, Sec. 3 [1]). This includes their right to progeny. The bill mocks parents with fine and imprisonment in refusing to expose their children to mandatory ? age-appropriate? reproductive health education starting Grade 5 outside the loving confines of home and family. Vulnerable and malleable, our children will be taught ? adolescent reproductive health? and ? the full range of information on family planning methods, services and facilities? for six years. This is child abuse of the highest order. And yet, ? every child has the right to be brought up in an atmosphere of morality and rectitude for the enrichment and strengthening of his character.? (Child and Youth Welfare Code) The †¦ care and nurtur[ance] of the child reside first in the parents (Article II, Sec. 12, Constitution), whose primary function and freedom include preparation for obligations the state can neither supply nor hinder. (Brantley v. Surles, 718 F. 2d. 354,1358-59) The State did not create the family, and ? the child is not a creature of the State.? (Pierce vs. Society of Sisters, 268, U. S. 510, 535. ) That is the law of nature, and no human institution has authority to amend it. Quality of life? The bill wants to ? uplift the quality of life of the people.? Population control started in 1976 ? to increase the share of each Filipino in the fruits of economic progress.? In other words — to eliminate poverty. Has it? The General Appropriations Act of 2008 earmarks an enormous amount for ? family planning and reproductive health services,? including contraceptives. For the Department of Health it is P3. 19 billion; for Popcom — P386. million, quite apart from funds for other agencies of government and local government units for the same programs. Add $2. 4 million from the United Nations Population Fund for population and development and reproductive health for 2008, plus $2. 2 million for 2009. Today? s average family has three children compared with seven in the ? 70s. But the billions of pesos spent have not reduced poverty or benefited the poor. If Congress passes this bill, it wagers the future of the country. Citizens have a right to resist misplaced and irresponsible exercise of authority because the good of the people is the sup reme law. Salus populi est suprema lex. The path of irresponsible legislation is a dreadful path: If an act is made legal, it will be perceived as moral. If an act is perceived as moral, it will become a norm. If it is observed by all as a norm, then it is too late. By then, you will have changed the culture. That is not simply reckless. It is the ultimate breach of public trust. (Jo Imbong, a lawyer, is the executive secretary of the Legal office of the Catholic Bishops? Conference of the Philippines and consultant to the CBCP Episcoal Commission on Family and Life. ) * * * No place for the RH bill in our law By Francisco S. Tatad THE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH bill in the House of Representatives is being presented as a health bill and an antipoverty bill at the same time. It is neither. It is not what its authors say it is; it is everything they say it is not. It is an ideological attack on human life, the family, and our social and cultural values. The bill rests on a flawed premise; it is unnecessary, unconstitutional, oppressive of religious belief and destructive of public morals and family values. Its enactment into law will only deepen the already frightening ignorance about the real issues. It should be rejected. 1. Flawed premise Our population growth rate (National Statistics Office) is 2. 04 percent, total fertility rate (TFR) is 3. 02. The CIA World Factbook has lower figures — growth rate, 1. 728 percent; TFR, 3. 00. Our population density is 277 per square km. GDP per capita (PPP) is $3,400. Fifty other countries have a much lower density, yet their per capita is also much lower. Thirty-six countries are more densely populated, yet their GDP per capita is also much higher. Are the few then always richer, the many always poorer? Not at all. Our median age is 23 years. In 139 other countries it is as high as 45. 5 years (Monaco). This means a Filipino has more productive years ahead of him than his counterpart in the rich countries where the graying and dying population is no longer being replaced because of negative birth rates. Our long-term future is bright, because of a vibrant and dynamic population. 2. Unnecessary Women who say they should be free to contracept (regardless of what the moral law or science says) are not being prevented from doing so, as witness the 50-percent contraceptive prevalence rate. It is a free market. But as we are not a welfare state, taxpayers have no duty to provide the contraceptives to try and cure pregnancy, which is not a disease. The State? s duty is to protect women from real diseases. At least 80 women die every day from heart diseases, 63 from vascular diseases, 51 from cancer, 45 from pneumonia, 23 from tuberculosis, 22 from diabetes; 16 from lower chronic respiratory diseases. Why are our lawmakers not demanding free medicines and services for all those afflicted? Indeed, maternal death could be brought down to zero just by providing adequate basic and emergency obstetrics-care facilities and skilled medical services to women. The local officials of Gattaran, Cagayan and Sorsogon City have shown this. Why do our lawmakers insist on stuffing our women with contraceptives and abortifacients instead? In 2005, the cancer research arm of the World Health Organization concluded that oral contraceptives cause breast, liver and cervical cancer. Shouldn? t our lawmakers demand that contraceptives be banned or at least labeled as ? cancer-causing,? or ? dangerous to women? s health Why do they want them classified as ? essential medicines? instead? 3. Unconstitutional a. ) The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Yet the bill seems to assume we are a centrally planned economy or a totalitarian State, which controls the private lives of its citizens. Truth is, there are certain activities of man as man where the individual is completely autonomous from the State. Just as the State may not tell a politician or a journalist how or when to think, write or speak, it may not enter the bedroom and tell married couples how or when to practice marital love. b. ) Article II, Section 12 of the Constitution says: ? The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception. The natural and primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall receive the support of the Government.? The use of ? sanctity? makes State obedience to God? s laws not only a solemn teaching of the Church, but also an express constitutional mandate. Now, when the State binds itself to ? equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception,? it necessarily binds itself not to do anything to prevent even one married woman from conceiving. A state-funded contraceptive program is an abomination. 4. Oppressive of religious belief The bill seeks to tell the Catholic majority not to listen to the Church and to listen to anti-Catholic politicians instead. It seeks to establish a program which Catholic taxpayers will fund in order to attack a doctrine of their faith. Is there a worse despotism? Would the same people do the same thing to the followers of Islam or some politically active religious pressure group? The pro-RH lobby claims surveys have shown that most Catholic women want to use contraception, regardless of what the Church says about it. It is a desperate attempt to show that right or wrong can now be reduced to what you like or dislike. The truth is never the result of surveys. Contraception is wrong not because the Church has banned it; the Church has banned it because it is wrong. No amount of surveys can change that. 5. Destructive of public morals The bill seeks to impose a hedonistic sex-oriented lifestyle that aims to reduce the conjugal act to a mere exchange of physical sensations between two individuals and marriage to a purely contraceptive partnership. Not only is it hedonistic, it is above all eugenicist. It seeks to eliminate the poor and the ? socially unfit.? While it neither mandates a two-child family nor legalizes abortion, it prepares the ground for both. In 1974, the US National Security Study Memorandum 200, titled ? Implications of Worldwide Population Growth for US Security and Overseas Interests,? launched the two-child family as a global population policy to be achieved by 2000. But ? no country has reduced its population growth without resorting to abortion,? said that document. Now you know what? s next, and where it? s all coming from. MANILA, Philippines—Hundreds of people, some arriving in private vehicles and others on foot, gathered outside the Edsa Shrine at a usually suburban Manila intersection Saturday for what church leaders had described as a massive prayer rally to show Congress most Filipinos were against the reproductive health bill pending in legislature for years. Many of the faithful, who braved intermittent rains and occasional winds, stood under umbrellas as they waited for the rally to get underway. Bishop Gabriel Reyes, chair of the Episcopal Commission on Family and Life of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines, was spotted in the area. So was Father Melvin Castro, the commission’s executive secretary. Maribel Descallar, operations director of the commission, said the program was to start at 1:00 p. m. Senior Superintendent Antonio Gumiran, deputy district director for operations, told the Inquirer they expected a crowd of at least 3,000 people. Organizers said Friday they were expecting up to 50,000 people at the rally. Gumiran refused to say how many policemen were deployed in the area but only a few were visible to an inquirer reporter toward noon Saturday. The Catholic Church has started to bring out the big guns in its campaign against the reproductive health (RH) bill. Manila Archbishop Luis Antonio Tagle on Thursday issued a circular urging the faithful to converge at the Edsa Shrine on Saturday for a Mass and rally against the bill. â€Å"Relying on the power of prayer and the necessity of informed awareness, we will gather together to be informed, enlightened and emboldened once more. We also wish to express why we believe the reproductive health bill is not the solution to our many problems as individuals and as a country as it will even give rise to many other problems more pernicious and pervasive than the ones we face in the present,† Tagle said. I enjoin all parish priests and leaders of communities and lay movements to rally their members and endorse participation in this important gathering aimed at communicating a strong and sincere appeal to the goodwill of our legislators,† Tagle said in his letter. The pray er rally will be a show of force for the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) after President Benigno Aquino in his State of the Nation Address (Sona) last week urged the swift passage of the bill, which would provide universal access and information on natural and modern family methods and reduce the number of mothers and babies dying during childbirth. On August 7, the House will vote on whether to wrap up debate and move the bill forward. CBCP officials said they would have a vigil at the House on the eve of the vote and that mass actions would also be held in other dioceses. Time for a vote President Aquino said Thursday it was time to put the bill to a vote. â€Å"I hope that the point when we need to vote comes. Otherwise, Congress may have already adjourned and we’re still in the period of debate; so we won’t know what the people want. Perhaps the debate should be wrapped up, and we should make a decision on this so-called responsible parenthood bill once and for all,† Mr. Aquino told reporters in an ambush interview. On the anti-RH rally, Mr. Aquino said: â€Å"We’re all prolife, aren’t we? We want an improved quality of life for our countrymen. So that is their right and I’m sure they will not endeavor to do anything against the law. So we will secure this rally if it pushes through. Malacanang on Thursday also shrugged off an announcement that former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who is now a Pampanga representative, will vote against the measure and that seven of her allies had withdrawn sponsorship of the measure. Communications Secretary Ricky Carandang said that Arroyo and Catholic bishops have been vocal about their opposition to the bill. He said the Church’s invitation to her to join the anti-RH rally should not be given political meaning. Arroyo was freed last week from eight months of hospital arrest after posting bail on election sabotage charges against her. â€Å"I would not want to speak on behalf of the bishops about whether or not this is leading to some kind of support for the former President. This is a measure that should not be viewed in stark political terms because it actually got societal implications,† he said in a briefing. Not Aquino-Arroyo showdown A vote on the bill should not be seen as a showdown between Mr. Aquino, the bill’s chief campaigner, and Arroyo, Carandang said. â€Å"It’s an important measure and we’re not viewing it in terms of partisan politics. It’s something that we feel is long overdue. It needs to be done, and we’re doing it in that context. I understand that there are observers who are viewing this (showdown) in that way, but we’re simply looking at it right now as a measure that has oppositors, that needs to go through the process and we’ll leave it at that,† he said. Carandang said Malacanang respected the withdrawal of support by some lawmakers, but did not view the entire anti-RH bill campaign as â€Å"Arroyo’s effort. † â€Å"We respect the democratic space in which the debate is being undertaken. At the same time, we hope that our friends in Congress will see the wisdom of this measure,† he added. While Catholic bishops have counted 140 lawmakers as opposed to the measure based on survey and public consultations, Carandang said it was too early to tell whether the administration had the numbers to defeat them. â€Å"You can never tell until the vote is there. But we are confident that we have support,† he said. â€Å"We’re hoping that those of us who are on the administration’s side will continue to support this effort. † How to cite Rhbill, Essay examples

Entrepreneurship & Innovation Contemporary Issues - Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Issues in Entrepreneurship and Innovation. Answer: Introduction Organisations worldwide face various types of problems and issues that hinder their long-term growth and development. In this regard, wicked problems can be referred to as the issues faced by the organisation that does not have a definite solution and are rather complex to be resolved. Wicked problems hamper the future success and survival of an organisation and thus need to be resolved through the application of creative and innovative Solutions (Contemporary Government Challenges, 2007). The present report, in this regard, aims to critically analyse and examine the wicked problem faced by 7-Eleven organisation. It investigates and evaluates the effectiveness of the organisations strategy in addressing the solution of the problem. In addition to this, the relevance of the organisational solution to the problem with the contemporary entrepreneurship and innovation issues is discussed in detail in the report. The recommendations to incorporate the entrepreneurial thinking for improvin g the proposed solution of the organisation is also provided in the report. Discussion of the problem and the opportunity or solution Description of the wicked problem faced by 7-Eleven Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is becoming one of the most critical problem faced by corporations in Australia. This is due to the rapid increase in the rate of employees exploitation at workplaces in the country (Safety A Wicked Problem, 2010). The problem of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) has faced by 7-Eleven Stores Pty Ltd, a franchise of the US based 7-Eleven Inc, operating its convenience stores in Australia. The problem of OHS was highlighted when a large number of employees of the company raised their allegations against their exploitation by the senior management in the convenience stores. The employees were largely underpaid and were also threatened by the senior managers at the workplace for compelling them to work for longer durations (Karp, 2016). The employees working in the franchise stores were largely international students who were subjected to face physical violence and abuse at the workplace. The head office of the convenience stores in Australia was also reluctant to address the complaints of the employees against the misconduct of the employers (Ferguson et al., 2015). The problem of employees safety and protection occurred in 7-Eleven convenience stores can be referred to as occupational health and safety wicked problem. The resolution of the problem requires the senior management to introduce safety framework that demonstrates the Code of Conduct required to be followed by both the employers and employees. The development of an effective solution to the problem is very complex and requires highly creative solutions. The employers need to gain an in-depth understanding of the various domains of health and safety to develop effective guidelines of Code of Conduct for ensuring employees protection . Occupational safety of employees at the workplace requires systemic thinking by all the levels of an organization (Marginson et al., 2010). It involves analysing and examining of the organisations microsystems and the external ecosystems of an individual communities and societies. The key stakeholders of 7-Eleven that should be involved in the developmen t of a creative solution for ensuring employees well-being at the workplace are management and the communities. This is due to their larger involvement in identifying the roles and responsibilities of an individual within the organisation and in the society. Thus, the development of an effective solution to employees safety as a wicked problem requires the application and integration of holistic and systematic approaches requiring collaboration among all the key stakeholders (Pardeck, 2015). The wicked problem of employees safety is being addressed by the Australia corporations through the implementation of Fair Work Act. The laws and regulations of the act mainly govern the relationship between employer and employees in the country. It promotes the introduction of fair work practices and prevention of employees discrimination by the employers (Rogers, 2010). However, the occurrence of wicked problem regarding the employees safety and protection at 7-Eleven highlighted the significance of systematic thinking and developing innovative solutions for ensuring employees well-being at workplaces. The occurrence of such a wicked problem has negatively impacted its brand reputation worldwide and thus raised concerns for the company to develop an effective and creative solution to prevent the occurrence of such issues in the future context (Stricter laws for franchisors? Responses to the 7-eleven wage scandal, 2016). The implementation of a safety framework for safeguarding the protection of all employees is the major challenge present before all the key stakeholders of 7-Eleven. It requires mindfulness of all the stakeholders for attempting to solve the wickedness of safety and well-being of employees (7-Eleven Scandal an Ethical Failure of Leadership, 2013). The development of a creative solution can be achieved effectively through design-thinking that strives to examine all the sides of a potential solution and requires key stakeholders to think out-of-the-box. However, design-thinking is a very complex approach and requires huge mental efforts from the stakeholders in order to think systematically and creatively (Abbing, 2010). The identification of the causes responsible for exploitation of employees at workplaces is the main challenge present before the stakeholders of 7-Eleven. This is due to lack of complete information about the various environmental, cultural and social issues responsib le for the abuse of employees at 7-Eleven. Thus, it can be said that the problem of employees safety and well-being occurred in the company is a wicked problem due to the complexity involved in the development of an effective solution. Critical Analysis of the Solution, Commercialisation or Opportunity The occurrence of wicked problem relating to employee safety and well-being at the convenience stores of 7-Eleven has caused its head office to pay huge penalties for non-complying with the employment laws of the country. The employers misconduct at franchisees is interrogated by Fair Work Ombudsman of Australia that ordered the employers to pay the employees $ 90,000 as a part of their owned wages. This scandal has negatively impacted the goodwill of the company across the borders and thus caused the necessity for its head office to commercialise a solution for the problem in order to overcome from its negative effects. The head-office of the convenience stores in Australia developed an independent investigation panel for identifying the causes of the occurrence of the wicked problem of employee safety in its franchisees. The investigation panel conducted the store audits, enhanced payroll and introduced major changes in the business model of the franchises (Hardy, 2015). These chan ges include implementation of mandatory training sessions for the senior managers of the franchises to provide them an in-depth knowledge about the standard business practices and procedures that should be followed by them. It also included maintaining of an appropriate wages record keeping system as a clear evidence of the remuneration provided by the company to the employees. This was followed by the termination of the chief executives and major shareholders of the company by the head office (Sun, 2015). The independent panel developed holds the responsibility of ensuring that underpaid employees receive their full entitlements. Also, there has been the introduction of a whistleblower hotline by the company for facilitating employees to address their grievances to the senior management without any fear. The chairman of the company has taken full authoritative control over the problem and commercialized a solution through the utilisation of external expertise for rectifying the impacts and preventing the occurrence of such problem in the future (Rodan, 2016). The organisations strategy for addressing the wicked problem of employees safety at its workplace seems to be effective but also have some limitations. The limitations include lack of implementation of a safety framework for ensuring that franchises in Australia are complying with their legal obligations towards the employees. This is of extreme importance for protecting the interests of the employees and maximizing their welfare at the workplaces. The introduction of safety framework for ensuring employees well-being need restructuring of the organisational structure for its implementation at all levels. The safety framework can be introduced through development of proper code of conduct that guidelines the behaviour of all the key stakeholders of the company. The stakeholders should be made aware of consequences of breaching the code of conduct in advance (Walsh, n.d.). The safety framework introduced need to be continually monitored and reviewed for identifying any type of misconduct from employers. This can be ensured by the timely audit and adoption of policies encouraging feedback from the employees. The external audits should also take into account the feedback from the employees so that they are able to directly report any type of misconduct from the employers. Thus, 7-Eleven need to link its organisational strategy with the contemporary concepts of entrepreneurship for reforming its overall business model. The companys solution to the problem has incorporated some contemporary concepts such as introducing of whistle-blower hotline and seeking help from external expertise for reviewing and addressing the problem (Rodan, 2016). However, the solution needs to be reformed with its strategic alignment with the concepts of entrepreneurship so that such complex wicked problems can be prevented to occur in the future (Spinelli and McGowan, 2013). Thu s, all these organisational changes need to be introduced in the business model of 7-Eleven for proposing solution to wicked problem of employee safety at its workplace. Recommendations 7-Eleven has although addressed the wicked problem of employees safety in the workplace but the commercial solution developed by the company has some limitations as discussed above. These limitations can be addressed effectively through incorporation of contemporary entrepreneurship and innovation issues such as entrepreneurial thinking and transformative innovation. The wicked problems occurring in an organisation are rather difficult to solve due to their complexity and requiring innovation in the overall business structure (Spinelli and McGowan, 2013). The problem of employees grievances at 7-Eleven regarding underpayment and physical violence comes under Occupational Safety Health (OHS) issues in Australia that is characterised as a wicked problem due to its complex nature. In this context, it is highly significant for 7-Eleven to think creatively and bring large scale innovation changes in its business model. This involves entrepreneurial thinking by the senior management of the company. Entrepreneurial thinking involves introduction of such work practices that promotes productivity of employees (Hicks, 2004). The employees should feel safe and secure at the workplace for maximising their productivity. The productive employees increase the organisational effectiveness through optimising its profitability and sales. This can be done through adoption of safety framework at the convenience stores of 7-Eleven that provides the code of conduct need to be followed by both the employers and employees. Entrepreneurial thinking involves gaining a proper understanding of the importance of strengthening the brand image of the company through ensuring workplace protection of employees (Hicks, 2004). Thus, the senior management of 7-Eleven needs to understand that violence and unsafe working conditions reduce employees morale as well as productivity. Thus, they should develop a safer and non-threatening work environment through the development of proper code of conduct. Employees security can be safeguarded though introduction of proper risk assessment and prevention strategies as a part of the safety framework of the company. Risk assessment involves carrying out a safety audit that includes detailed examination of workplace related risks that can impact the well-being of employees (Martin, 2009). This will help in the identification of any type of fraudulent practices such as employees were compelled to work for longer hours in the 7-Eleven convenience stores. Prevention strategies involves imparting proper training to the employees on all safety and security procedures including the reporting authority to be addressed if they are subjected to any type of physical violence at t he workplace. This also involves providing knowledge to the employees regarding their rights and duties so that they do not suffer any exploitation from the employers as that faced by the company previously. The development of a safety framework that defines the code of conduct, risk assessment and prevention strategies require creative thinking at all the level of the company. It is possible with application of concepts of entrepreneurial thinking that emphasises on design-thinking. Design-thinking process can be categorised as a four step process that involves identification of the opportunity area, developing creative solution, implementing the solution developed practically and reviewing the results obtained (Ouden, 2011). Thus, the introduction of safety framework must be followed by its continuous evaluation for examining its effectiveness to ensure employees protection by the company. Thus, entrepreneurial thinking should be incorporated as a part of organisational solution to the wicked problem of employees safety and protection at its workplace. 7-Eleven also need to incorporate some transformational changes in its problem-solving approach to the wicked problem of employees safe ty. The adoption of a systematic problem-solving approach is very essential to change the business model and eventually leading to organisational growth and success (Grnig and Khn, 2009). The application of problem-solving approach is critical for the business model of 7-Eleven to combat with issues related to employees welfare and protection. The development of a problem-solving approach is very critical in implementing proactive measures so that corrective steps can be taken to mitigate the occurrence of such issues in the future. It involves developing solution for a problem by taking into account all the existing opportunities for effectively resolving a problem. The first step involves defining exactly the nature of the problem and identifying its root cause of occurrence. This is followed by developing possible strategies for addressing the problem and selection of the most appropriate strategy for resolving the problem in context (Liedtka et al., 2013). The last step of the process involves measuring the outcome achieved and its continual review by the management of the company. Fair Work Act in Australia regulates and monitors all the policies related to employee protection. The government of the country needs need reform the act through the implementation of problem-solving approach that mandates workplaces to be ethically and legally responsible for the employees conditions. These policies should be supported by considerable threat of legal liability or reputational damage. Transformative innovation is the strategic key for resolving the wicked and complex problems such as of employees safety at workplace (Walsh, n.d.). The management of 7-Eleven also needs to consider the impact of ecosystems on the employees well-being. The management must gain an appropriate understanding of the role of an individual in the communities and societies while developing safety framework for employees welfare. The organisational behaviour of employees is highly influenced by the environment and the existing communities. Thus, employers need to implement and adopt social work practices that aim at protecting its existing environment and communities (Pardeck, 2015). The protection of ecosystems eventually leads to sustainable growth of an organisation through ensuring protection of all its ley stakeholders. In this regard, it is highly important for 7-Eleven to understand that the performance of employees is interrelated with the ecological system. The scandal of 7-Eleven revealed that threatening is made to the families of the employees overseas. This further caused employees of the company to raise their voices agains t the misconduct of the employers that negatively impacted the brand reputation of 7-Eleven (Brandsttter and Eliasz, 2001). Therefore, in order to overcome from the occurrence of such issues in the future, the management needs to understand that employees well-being is directly related with their macro and micro ecosystems. Micro- ecosystem comprises of working environment of the organisation and the macro-ecosystems consist of their interaction with the external environment and communities. The employers also hold the responsibility of developing a safe and healthy work environment wherein employees feel secured and motivated to perform their job role (Brandsttter and Eliasz, 2001). The employees at 7-Eleven were also enforced to work for longer durations than their normal working hours. In addition to this, they were also subjected to physical violence from the employers at the work places. Thus, senior management of the company should develop safety policies to improve its working environment so that the employees feel secured at the workplace. The micro and macro-ecosystems plays a critical role in en hancing the performance of the employees and ensuring their well-being at workplaces (Pardeck, 2015). The implementation of an ecological approach defines a new perspective for developing solution to the wicked problem of employees safety for 7-Eleven. It emphasises on the adoption of effective social work intervention for maximising the employees welfare. It provides an integrative approach to the managers of the company for addressing and resolving the problems related to occupational safety of employees (Pardeck, 2015). The employers need to adopt the work practices that ensure the protection of the employees but also of their ecosystems governing their social functioning including the family, community and the environment. The head office of 7-Eleven needs to ensure that employers are adopting such business practices and procedures that maximise the development of both their micro and macro-ecosystems (Brandsttter and Eliasz, 2001). The implementation and adoption of broader entrepreneurship and innovation issues such as entrepreneurial thinking, transformative innovation and ecological approach as discussed above will facilitate 7-Eleven to address effectively the problem of unethical work practices prevalent in its convenience stores in Australia. These entrepreneurial concepts will facilitate senior managers of the company to develop creative and innovative solutions as employees safety is a wicked problem and thus is very complex. It will help the managers to eliminate the dilemma regarding the development of a solution so that this problem does not occur in the future context. Conclusion Thus, it can be stated from the overall discussion held in the report that the wicked problem of employees safety faced by 7-Eleven is very complex in nature and thus possess difficulty in front of the managers to get it resolved. The problem occurred due to the adoption of unethical work practices by in the franchisee stores of the company in Australia. The company commercialised a solution through introducing major structural changes in its business model and adopting some entrepreneurial concepts such as introduction of whistle-blower hotline for addressing the employee complaints. However, the company need to incorporate entrepreneurial and innovation concepts such as entrepreneurial thinking, transformative solution and ecological approach for addressing the problem in an effective way. The integration of these contemporary entrepreneurial concepts in organisational solution is necessary for preventing the occurrence of wicked problem of employee safety in the future. 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